Littering - characteristics, causes, prevention (module 1)

Basis of the project „Littering - characteristics, causes, prevention” is a perceptual study on the cleanliness in cities. This was performed from December, 2004 to may, 2006 (Perception and evaluation of cleanliness in cities). On behalf of cleaning companies of different cities causes for littering behavior (littering=inattentive wasting at the point of its origin) are investigated. Which personal and situational factors favor this behavior? Which preventive measures are effective to avoid littering behavior?
Main focuses of the module 1 are a comprehensive review of available literature on the topic of "Littering" and an interview regarding possible reasons of littering and the effectiveness of preventive measures in Berlin.